I think this movie is meant to take fresh look at Star Trek. So in that sense, you really don’t neee to know anything going into the movie. It’s not a sequel to anything, so you don’t need any background.
Talos posted something some months back that stuck with me. He said that J.J. Abrahms is steping in and “re-inventing Star Trek for the cool kids”. “I’m Mr. ABC’s Lost guy and I’m a cool kid, and I know how to make Star Trek cool, and not nerdy and geeky.” (Those are my words paraphrase Talos’s thot). I share that feeling, and feel some resentment about it, because there’s an implication that Star Trek was flawed in some fundemetal way.
On the other hand, in some ways this is a natural place to do the next Trek movie. In other words, the idea of exploring the moment(s) when Kirk, Spock, McCoy and Scotty et all. first met.
Now they COULD have done that while at the same time picking some strand of background from the original Trek series…Kinda like they did with Star Trek Wrath of Khan. That movie was carrying on the gem of a plot from a Trek TV episode—there’s lots of events from Kirk’s past they could have centered on.
But instead I think Holywood said—“screw the tradional fans. We’ve got their ticket money anyway cuz they’ll see it regardless.” Let’s go after a new audience and drag the fans along too.
Oh well, I’m probably overthinking it. It looks like an exciting movie, and come hell or highwater I’m gonna see it on opening night. And I’m probably gonna enjoy it.