There are many movies, video games, and TV shows that come to mind when thinking about the concept of nuclear war, both from the era of the late Cold War, and even today. You could probably fill at least two or three podcasts with reviews and discussions on this stuff.
Such examples of media include:
TV
Jericho
BSG, but we’ve done that to death already.
Twilight Zone: Time Enough At Last
Movies
Fail-Safe
Dr. Strangelove
By Dawn’s Early Light
The Day After
World War Three, The Movie
Threads (BBC)
When the Wind Blows
Video Games
Fallout
Defcon
Non-Fiction
Trinity and Beyond: The Atomic Bomb Movie (documentary)
Thirteen Days